To Nov.2004 Working-level Meeting

Measures Taken by Each City - Vehicle Emissions Control; Regulations and Programs

♦ Bangkok Metropolis (Thailand) Emission Standards EURO2 (for heavy duty diesel vehicle) STEP2 (for passenger cars) * [Major Programs] • Setting of fuel and emission standards for regulations on two-wheel vehicles • Policies during the �gYear for Reduction of Atmospheric Pollution - 1999�h  - Establishment of stations for free maintenance, distribution of maintenance manuals  - Setting of black smoke check-points in 50 locations in the capital area, dispatch of two-wheel vehicle inspection teams  - Selection of pollution-free roads (vehicles carrying only one passenger are prohibited on eight roads), etc. • Implementation of Atmospheric Pollution Management Plan (since 2002) • Implementation of traffic management through an Urban Traffic Management Plan and projects to promote bicycle use (setting of bicycle lanes and bicycle parking lots); implementation of traffic regulations such as restriction of heavy vehicle traffic in the central area Hand out materials 1(PDF), Hand out materials 2(PDF)

	* Based on Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) Questionnaire (1999-2001)

♦ National Capital Territory of Delhi (India) Emission Standards EURO2 * [Major Programs] • Implementation of vehicle examination system (issuing of Pollution Under Control [PUC] certificates, penalties for vehicles without these certificates, and on-the-spot pollution checks by mobile teams) • Ban on old vehicles for business use (vehicles and taxis manufactured before 1990) • Reduction of sulfur content in diesel fuel down to 0.05% and of benzene content to 1% (2000) • Proactive implementation of measures to encourage a shift to CNG buses  - The Supreme Court order for buses and taxis to switch to CNG  -  Establishment of CNG stations, etc. • Heavy duty vehicles which fail to meet EURO2 standards are not allowed to enter Delhi Hand out materials(PDF)

	* Based on Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) Questionnaire (1999-2001)

♦ Hong Kong (China) Emission Standards EURO3 [Major Programs] • Implementation of the most stringent and practical motor vehicle emissions and fuel standards • Mandate the use of ultra low sulphur diesel fuel of 50 ppm sulphur content • All new taxis to use LPG • Incentive to encourage diesel light buses to switch to LPG or electrical light buses • Grant for the installation of particulate-removal device for Pre-Euro diesel vehicles • Use of dynamometer for testing smoky vehicles • Implementation of comprehensive inspection and maintenance program for motor vehicles Presentation materials(HTML)

♦ Capital City of Jakarta (Indonesia) Emission Standards EURO1 (EURO2 planned to be introduced in 2007 for heavy duty diesel vehicles) STEP1 (for passenger cars) [Major Programs] • Setting of exhaust standard for CO, HC and black smoke emission, based on Vehicle Emissions Standard Quality Regulation, 2005. The standard has been set out by gubernatorial decree, 1999. • Setting of SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) Standard in addition to National Environmental Standard in Jakarta City. The standard has been set out by gubernatorial decree, 1999. • Phased prohibition of leaded gasoline up to 2003; subsidy for lead-free gasoline (by Indonesian Government) regulated and set out for selected areas, Jakarta Metropolitan Region, July 2001. • Monitoring in ten locations in the city, implemented by the municipal government and Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics (BMG). Established and monitored since 1980. • On September 25, 2002 the governor launched a new program, Inspection and Maintenance System Program (INM), that makes it mandatory for every car owner to inspect their car emissions and maintain their cars. This regulation will be a new requirement when car owners register annually. Presentation materials(HTML)

♦ Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Emission Standards EURO1 (EURO2 proposal to be introduced in 2003 for heavy duty diesel vehicles) STEP2 (STEP3 proposal to be introduced in 2003 for passenger cars) [Major Programs] • Periodical Inspection for motor vehicle is done under the Motor Vehicles (Periodic Inspection Equipments and Inspection Standards) Rules, 1995  - Currently, commercial vehicles are subjected to these rules. There are plans to expand the scope of periodical inspection to cover all categories of motor vehicles.  - Inspection includes that of black smoke, CO and HC emissions • Program for controlling excessive black smoke emission from diesel-powered vehicles is done through the AWASI (Area Watch And Sanction Inspection) Program by enforcing the Environmental Quality (Control of Emission from Diesel Engines) Regulations 1996  - Inspection and taking legislative actions against vehicles emitting excessive black smoke are conducted by the Department of Environment's mobile squad patrolling along the city streets • Encouragement of Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV)  - Widely accepted by city taxis  - Incentives introduced by the government through tax exemption on conversion kits, road tax reduction scheme, controlling the price of natural gas Hand out materials(PDF)

♦ Metropolitan Manila (Philippines) Emission Standards EURO1 (to be introduced in 2003) [Major Programs] • Air pollution monitoring stations to be set up in 11 locations in the city by the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) • Establishment and operation of Motor Vehicle Inspection and Emission Testing System (MVIETS) by 2003 in Metropolitan Manila Area • Vehicles will be required to undergo the Emission Test before they are registered. Tests by Private Emission Test Centers are allowed. • Roadside Enforcement of Motor Vehicle Emissions Standards. Campaign is initially targeted at black smoke from dieselpowered vehicles. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is commissioned by the Land Transportation Office (LTO), an agency under the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC).  - Roadside inspection of diesel-powered vehicles is done with the use of opacity meters and a free acceleration method of testing  - MMDA maintains a database of violators  - Other violators can be reported through SMS  - Local Government Units are also conducting roadside enforcement • A traffic regulation that prohibits vehicles from being used on specific policy days depending on the last digit of their license plates. Example: If the license plate ends in 1 and 2, they are prohibited from traveling on Mondays; if the number is 3 and 4, they cannot go out on Tuesdays; etc. • There is a multi-sectoral group formed called Partnership for Clean Air (PCA). The role of PCA is to assist in the government program of raising awareness on the impact of air pollution on people�fs health and what can be done about it.

♦ Republic of Singapore Emission Standards EURO2 (since 2001) STEP2 [Major Programs] • Mandatory vehicle inspection • On-the-spot actions against vehicles that violate black smoke emission regulation • Approval system of diesel-powered vehicle maintenance for vehicle maintenance facilities • Implementation of advanced road traffic policy, including restrictions on traffic in CBD (Central Business District), Road Pricing, motor vehicle tax, etc. • Introduction of regulations on lead-free gasoline and low-sulfur (below 0.05%) diesel

♦ Seoul City (Republic of Korea) Emission Standards EURO2 (EURO3 to be introduced in 2003, EURO4 to be introduced in 2004) LEV (Ultra LEV to be introduced in 2006) [Major Programs] • Strengthening the environmental standards (air pollution and vehicle emissions) stricter than central government standards • Subsidies and tax incentives to introduce CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) buses: All buses will be CNG powered by 2006 • Specific and detailed examination of gas emission of old vehicles (May 2005) • Operation of Ozone Alert System as part of photochemical smog countermeasures • Transportation policies to reduce traffic, such as road pricing at the Namsan Tunnel and improvement of the subway network • Setting up of "Metropolitan Air Pollution Committee," for effective management and control of air pollution in Seoul Metropolitan Area, thereby working to improve air conditions • To reduce air pollution more effectively, the setting up and pursuing of "Metropolitan Air Improvement Special Law," which includes limitations of pollutants, and obligatory provision of environment-friendly vehicles Presentation materials(HTML)

♦ Taipei (Taiwan) Emission Standards US '94 [Major Programs] • Strategies of mobile source emission control  - Project of on-spot examining of diesel-fueled cars  - Project of assessing and inspecting motorcycle exhaust emission, and set-up of service centers approved by Taipei Municipal Government  - Project of intensifying inspection and control of pollutants emitted by motorcycles • The promotion of LPG vehicles, introduction of natural gas buses, installation of smoke filters and catalyst converts to buses, under the air-pollution subsidy • Introduction of bus lanes, transfer and shuttle between MRT system and buses, chessboard-style and mainline bus system • Regional traffic control and regional passage control Hand out materials(PDF)

♦ Tokyo Metropolis (Japan) Emission Standards Air Pollution Control Law [Major Programs] National Standards • Establishment of emission standard for new vehicles by the Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Law • Establishment of emission standard for vehicles in use in areas with significant atmospheric pollution by the Vehicle NOx/PM Regulation Law. Ban on use of vehicles that do not comply with this standard. Activities of Tokyo Metropolitan Government • Establishment of emission standard for diesel-powered vehicles by the Environmental Protection Ordinance and ban on urban use of diesel-powered vehicles that do not comply with the standard from October 2003 • PM (Particulate Matter) Reduction Devices are being designated based on the Environmental Protection Ordinance. A common designation system was determined for the seven cities and prefectures of Tokyo Metropolitan Area in fiscal year 2002 • Based on the Environmental Protection Ordinance, �gStop Idling�h is made compulsory • Based on the Environmental Protection Ordinance, use and sale of fuels that cause increase of PM are prohibited • Assistance and accommodation of funds for PM Reduction Devices are being implemented in fiscal year 2002 Presentation materials(HTML)